{"id":2684,"date":"2024-08-02T17:17:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T17:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/?p=2684"},"modified":"2024-08-02T17:17:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T17:17:26","slug":"parfumler-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/parfumler-nasil-yapilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Parf\u00fcmler Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Parf\u00fcm, tarih boyunca bir\u00e7ok medeniyet taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de pop\u00fclerli\u011fini koruyan bir ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Parf\u00fcm \u00fcretimi, \u00e7e\u015fitli do\u011fal ve sentetik bile\u015fenlerin bir araya getirilmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu yaz\u0131da, parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecini ve bu s\u00fcrecin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h4>Parf\u00fcm \u00dcretimi<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hammadde Temini:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Do\u011fal Bile\u015fenler:<\/strong> Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal bile\u015fenler, bitkiler, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve hayvansal kaynaklardan elde edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, lavanta, g\u00fcl, sandal a\u011fac\u0131 ve misk gibi maddeler do\u011fal kaynaklardan temin edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sentetik Bile\u015fenler:<\/strong> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok parf\u00fcm, sentetik bile\u015fenler kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilir. Bu bile\u015fenler, laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda \u00fcretilir ve do\u011fada bulunmayan benzersiz kokular elde edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ekstraksiyon Y\u00f6ntemleri:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Distilasyon:<\/strong> Bitkilerden ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerden esansiyel ya\u011flar\u0131n elde edilmesinde kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemdir. Bitkiler buharla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak esansiyel ya\u011flar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solvent Ekstraksiyonu:<\/strong> Bu y\u00f6ntemde bitkiler, ya\u011flar\u0131n ve kokular\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayan bir solvent ile muamele edilir. Solvent buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak geriye sadece saf esansiyel ya\u011f kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>So\u011fuk S\u0131kma:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle narenciye kabuklar\u0131ndan ya\u011f elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Kabuklar mekanik olarak s\u0131k\u0131larak ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Parf\u00fcm Yap\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Form\u00fclasyon:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli esansiyel ya\u011flar\u0131n ve bile\u015fenlerin belirli oranlarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Bu oranlar, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn karakterini ve kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Parf\u00fcmler genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 ana notadan olu\u015fur: \u00fcst, orta ve baz notalar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dcst Notalar:<\/strong> Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk hissedilen kokular\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle hafif ve tazelik hissi veren kokulard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orta Notalar:<\/strong> \u00dcst notalar u\u00e7tuktan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve parf\u00fcm\u00fcn kalbini olu\u015fturan kokulard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Baz Notalar:<\/strong> Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn en kal\u0131c\u0131 ve derin notalar\u0131d\u0131r, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn karakterini belirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Harmanlama:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bile\u015fenler dikkatlice \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek bir araya getirilir ve harmanlan\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn istenilen koku profilini elde etmek i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm, harmanland\u0131ktan sonra bir s\u00fcre dinlendirilir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, bile\u015fenlerin birbirine iyice kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kokunun oturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Parf\u00fcmler genellikle birka\u00e7 hafta ila birka\u00e7 ay aras\u0131nda dinlendirilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Filtrasyon ve \u015ei\u015feleme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Olgunla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin ard\u0131ndan, parf\u00fcm filtre edilerek tortulardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u015fi\u015felenmeye haz\u0131r hale getirilir. Filtrasyon i\u015flemi, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn berrak ve p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm \u015fi\u015feleri dikkatlice doldurulur ve ambalajlan\u0131r. \u015ei\u015feler, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 ve sunumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda hangi malzemeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda esansiyel ya\u011flar, sentetik bile\u015fenler, alkol ve su gibi maddeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcmler nas\u0131l kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirilir?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz notalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bile\u015fenlerden se\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca, parf\u00fcm\u00fc cildin nab\u0131z noktalar\u0131na uygulamak da kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcmler neden farkl\u0131 ciltlerde farkl\u0131 kokar?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcmler, cilt tipi, v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ve pH seviyesi gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 ciltlerde farkl\u0131 kokabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do\u011fal parf\u00fcmler neden daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Do\u011fal parf\u00fcmler, nadir ve zor elde edilen bile\u015fenler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in genellikle daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcmler nas\u0131l saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcmler serin, karanl\u0131k ve kuru bir yerde saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan uzak tutmak, kokunun bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131, sanat ve bilimin bir araya geldi\u011fi karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Do\u011fru bile\u015fenlerin ve y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen parf\u00fcmler, hem estetik bir de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131r hem de kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na benzersiz bir koku deneyimi sunar.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Evde Parf\u00fcm Yap\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Evde kendi parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yapmak, ki\u015fisel zevkinize uygun, tamamen size \u00f6zel bir koku yaratman\u0131n harika bir yoludur. Ayr\u0131ca bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve e\u011flenceli bir deneyim sunar. \u0130\u015fte evde parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli malzemeler, ad\u0131mlar ve baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/p>\n<h4>Malzemeler<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Esansiyel Ya\u011flar:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dcst Notalar: Limon, bergamot, portakal, lavanta.<\/li>\n<li>Orta Notalar: G\u00fcl, yasemin, nane, biberiye.<\/li>\n<li>Baz Notalar: Sandal a\u011fac\u0131, vanilya, pa\u00e7uli, misk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 Ya\u011f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Jojoba ya\u011f\u0131, tatl\u0131 badem ya\u011f\u0131 veya \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ya\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alkol:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek dereceli alkol (vodka gibi) veya parf\u00fcm alkol\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Distile Su:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm\u00fc seyreltmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u015ei\u015fe ve Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Kaplar\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 saklamak i\u00e7in temiz, sterilize edilmi\u015f cam \u015fi\u015feler ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kaplar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Evde Parf\u00fcm Yap\u0131m\u0131 Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Planlama ve Haz\u0131rl\u0131k:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Hangi t\u00fcr kokular\u0131 sevdi\u011finizi belirleyin. \u00c7i\u00e7eksi, odunsu, meyvemsi veya baharatl\u0131 kokular aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7im yapabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oranlar\u0131 Belirleme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm genellikle %30 \u00fcst nota, %50 orta nota ve %20 baz nota oran\u0131nda bile\u015fenlerden olu\u015fur. Kendi tercihinize g\u00f6re bu oranlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir damlal\u0131k veya pipet kullanarak esansiyel ya\u011flar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kab\u0131na ekleyin. \u00dcst notalar\u0131, orta notalar\u0131 ve baz notalar\u0131 belirli oranlarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 Ya\u011f Ekleme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Esansiyel ya\u011f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131 ekleyin. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ya\u011f, esansiyel ya\u011flar\u0131 seyreltir ve cilde uygulanabilir hale getirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alkol Ekleme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma alkol ekleyin. Bu, kokular\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve parf\u00fcm\u00fcn genel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dinlendirme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 temiz ve steril bir cam \u015fi\u015feye aktar\u0131n. Parf\u00fcm\u00fc en az 48 saat, tercihen 4-6 hafta dinlendirin. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda kokular\u0131n iyice harmanlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seyreltme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm dinlendikten sonra, istedi\u011finiz yo\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in distile su ekleyin. \u0130yice \u00e7alkalayarak kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 homojen hale getirin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u015ei\u015feleme:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm\u00fc nihai \u015fi\u015fesine aktar\u0131n ve etiketleyin. Art\u0131k kendi el yap\u0131m\u0131 parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc kullanmaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve P\u00fcf Noktalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Kokular\u0131 Test Edin:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kokular\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 test edin ve hangi kombinasyonlar\u0131n ho\u015funuza gitti\u011fini belirleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Notalar\u0131 Dengeleyin:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn dengeli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00fcst, orta ve baz notalar\u0131 dengeli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dinlendirme S\u00fcresi:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc ne kadar uzun s\u00fcre dinlendirirseniz, kokular\u0131n birle\u015fimi o kadar iyi olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cam \u015ei\u015fe Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc saklamak i\u00e7in cam \u015fi\u015fe kullan\u0131n. Plastik \u015fi\u015feler, kokular\u0131 emebilir ve parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn kalitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Evde parf\u00fcm yaparken hangi malzemeler gereklidir?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Esansiyel ya\u011flar, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ya\u011f, alkol, distile su, \u015fi\u015feler ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kaplar\u0131 gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evde parf\u00fcm yapmak zor mudur?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Temel malzemeler ve do\u011fru ad\u0131mlarla kolayca evde parf\u00fcm yapabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evde yap\u0131lan parf\u00fcmler ne kadar s\u00fcre dayan\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Do\u011fru saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, evde yap\u0131lan parf\u00fcmler 6 aydan 1 y\u0131la kadar dayanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evde parf\u00fcm yaparken hangi t\u00fcr alkol kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek dereceli alkol (\u00f6rne\u011fin, vodka) veya parf\u00fcm alkol\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcm yaparken ne t\u00fcr esansiyel ya\u011flar kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kendi zevkinize g\u00f6re \u00fcst, orta ve baz notalarda esansiyel ya\u011flar se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evde parf\u00fcm yaparken dikkat etmem gereken en \u00f6nemli \u015fey nedir?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Temizlik ve sterilizasyon \u00f6nemlidir. \u015ei\u015feler ve kaplar temiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn daha uzun s\u00fcre dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l sa\u011flar\u0131m?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Alkol eklemek ve parf\u00fcm\u00fc serin, karanl\u0131k bir yerde saklamak kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parf\u00fcm\u00fc hangi noktalara s\u0131kmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Nab\u0131z noktalar\u0131na (bilekler, boyun, kulak arkas\u0131) uygulamak kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kendi parf\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yaparak, tamamen size \u00f6zel ve benzersiz bir koku yaratabilirsiniz. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, hem e\u011flenceli hem de tatmin edici bir deneyim sunar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parf\u00fcm, tarih boyunca bir\u00e7ok medeniyet taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de pop\u00fclerli\u011fini koruyan bir ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Parf\u00fcm \u00fcretimi, \u00e7e\u015fitli do\u011fal ve sentetik bile\u015fenlerin bir araya getirilmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu yaz\u0131da, parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecini ve bu s\u00fcrecin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz. Parf\u00fcm \u00dcretimi Hammadde Temini: Do\u011fal Bile\u015fenler: Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal bile\u015fenler, bitkiler, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve hayvansal kaynaklardan elde [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19453,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[424],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parfumler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markaparfumler.com\/demo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}